how do reverse transcriptase inhibitors work

Without DNA, HIV can’t make copies of itself.Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved seven NRTIs for HIV treatment. This animation shows how a medication called AZT, which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, can be used to treat HIV/AIDS.







Blocking reverse transcriptase and reverse transcription prevents HIV from replicating. decrease in the amount of virus in the blood (viral load), which may slow down the disease process. This is the most important way to help manage cases of HIV. This means that the medication may stop working as well to prevent the virus from replicating. The NRTIs work because they block that enzyme. Reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to treat HIV infection or AIDS, and in some cases hepatitis B. RTIs inhibit activity of reverse transcriptase, a viral DNA polymerase that is required for replication of HIV and other retroviruses.



Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This results from mutations in the N-terminal polymerase domain of the reverse transcriptase that reduce the enzyme's affinity or ability to bind to the drug .










In order to be incorporated into the viral DNA, NRTIs must be activated in the cell by the addition of three While often listed in chronological order, NRTIs/NtRTIs are nucleoside/nucleotide analogues of cytidine, guanosine, thymidine and adenosine:

Reverse transcriptase, also called RNA-directed DNA polymerase, an enzyme encoded from the genetic material of retroviruses that catalyzes the transcription of retrovirus RNA (ribonucleic acid) into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). For these important drugs, newer versions cause fewer severe side effects than previous versions, but some side effects may still occur for any of these medications.It’s important for people whose healthcare providers have prescribed NRTIs to stick to their treatment plan to manage HIV.

To treat HIV, NRTIs work by blocking an enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself.Normally, HIV enters certain cells in the body that are part of the immune system. Also important is L74, which interacts with the template strand to position it for base pairing with the nucleotide.

Without reverse transcriptase, HIV can't make new virus copies of itself. It does this by using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.

…with an enzyme, called a reverse transcriptase, that copies the single-stranded RNA to form double-stranded DNA.…

If that person has taken antiretroviral drugs before, their healthcare provider will also factor this in when deciding on treatment options.Once HIV treatment starts, the medication needs to be taken on a daily basis exactly as instructed. When the HIV virus enters a healthy cell, it attempts to make copies of itself. They are hopeful that people will live longer, healthier lives because of the benefits of these new drugs.Protease inhibitors are not called a cure because researchers do not yet know how well they will work in different people. Next, reverse transcriptase or RNase H degrades the RNA strand of the hybrid.

These formulations include:All of these NRTIs come as tablets that are taken by mouth.Treatment with NRTIs usually involves taking two NRTIs as well as one drug from a different class of antiretroviral drugs.A healthcare provider will select treatment based on test results that give important information about a person’s specific condition.

Rare side effects can include:Although these side effects aren’t common, it’s important to know that they can occur and to discuss them with a healthcare provider.







The ability of reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from RNA has been used in the laboratory.

Some people have had their viral load drop to a level that is too low for current tests to measure. They interrupt the way HIV uses a healthy cell to make more virus.

Two of the proteins used by the virus are reverse transcriptase and protease. These cells are called CD4 cells, or T cells.After HIV enters the CD4 cells, the virus begins to copy itself.

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